TY - JOUR
T1 - Phylogeny of hoplocercine lizards (Squamata: Iguania) with estimates of relative divergence times
AU - Torres-Carvajal, Omar
AU - de Queiroz, Kevin
PY - 2009/1
Y1 - 2009/1
N2 - Hoplocercine lizards form a clade of 11 currently recognized species traditionally placed in three genera (Enyalioides, Hoplocercus, and Morunasaurus) that occur in the lowlands on both sides of the Andes between Panama and the Brazilian Cerrado. We analyze 11 mitochondrial and two nuclear loci using probabilistic methods and different partitioning strategies to (1) infer the phylogenetic relationships among species of Hoplocercinae, (2) examine amounts of inter- and intraspecific sequence divergence, (3) address monophyly of four species, (4) test previous phylogenetic hypotheses, and (5) estimate divergence times. Our preferred hypothesis places H. spinosus as the sister taxon to all other species of hoplocercines, with M. annularis nested within Enyalioides. Species with multiple samples are monophyletic except for Enyalioides oshaughnessyi, which is paraphyletic relative to an undescribed species of Enyalioides. All previously published phylogenetic hypotheses for hoplocercines are rejected. Monophyly of Enyalioides cannot be rejected and, consequently, the position of Morunasaurus remains unclear. The most recent common ancestor of Hoplocercinae probably occurred east of the Andes; western taxa included in our analyses originated from at least two separate colonizations whether pre- or post-dating vicariance resulting from uplift of the Andes.
AB - Hoplocercine lizards form a clade of 11 currently recognized species traditionally placed in three genera (Enyalioides, Hoplocercus, and Morunasaurus) that occur in the lowlands on both sides of the Andes between Panama and the Brazilian Cerrado. We analyze 11 mitochondrial and two nuclear loci using probabilistic methods and different partitioning strategies to (1) infer the phylogenetic relationships among species of Hoplocercinae, (2) examine amounts of inter- and intraspecific sequence divergence, (3) address monophyly of four species, (4) test previous phylogenetic hypotheses, and (5) estimate divergence times. Our preferred hypothesis places H. spinosus as the sister taxon to all other species of hoplocercines, with M. annularis nested within Enyalioides. Species with multiple samples are monophyletic except for Enyalioides oshaughnessyi, which is paraphyletic relative to an undescribed species of Enyalioides. All previously published phylogenetic hypotheses for hoplocercines are rejected. Monophyly of Enyalioides cannot be rejected and, consequently, the position of Morunasaurus remains unclear. The most recent common ancestor of Hoplocercinae probably occurred east of the Andes; western taxa included in our analyses originated from at least two separate colonizations whether pre- or post-dating vicariance resulting from uplift of the Andes.
KW - Andes
KW - Chronophylogenetic
KW - Hoplocercinae
KW - Iguanidae
KW - Neotropical
KW - Phylogenetics
KW - Relative divergence times
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=57749209369&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.002
DO - 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.002
M3 - Article
C2 - 18952184
AN - SCOPUS:57749209369
SN - 1055-7903
VL - 50
SP - 31
EP - 43
JO - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
JF - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
IS - 1
ER -