Investigating the influence of square size vanes on heat transfer in porous media: An in-depth Nusselt distribution

This research provides an extensive analysis with various γon natural convection, thermal entropy generation, fluid flow, and temperature distribution in the porous cavity. The impact of the studied geometrical parameters, Ha, Da, Pr, γ, and ϵ, on the thermal performance is carefully examined. The finite element method (FEM) is carried out to analyze fluid flow and heat distribution in the present porous media. For an in-depth analysis of the thermal performance, the novel aspects of this research are thought to be important parameters that comprise Ha, Da, Pr, γ, and ϵ for significant assessments of the average Nusselt number in porous media with varying square size vanes at the corners and effect variable cooled size at the corners of the square porous cavity. In validation, the calculation of the results was adapted accurately to the FEM's fluid flow, temperature distribution, and average Nusselt number. Numerical results revealed that various γaffected widely in the generation of entropy. Additionally, the hot and cold temperature distribution of fluid flow was significantly impacted by the square-sized vanes in the corners of the porous chamber. The average Nusselt number showed a significant increase, with the Hartman number being the most significant contributor. Moreover, as the Darcy number grew, the average Nusselt number rose apart from γ= 1 in porous media with size vanes 0.2.