In vitro action of apitoxin in enterobacteria of greater pathogenic prevalence in guinea pigs

Apitoxin or bee venom is a mixture of substances with industrial and medicinal properties, recognized as an alternative in natural medicine for its curative effects. The present study had a duration of six months, the inhibitory action of apitoxin was evaluated at different concentrations on the bacterial growth of enterobacteria of greater pathogenic prevalence in Guinea pigs. Bacterial strains were isolated by Guinea-pig rectal swabs, which were cultured in nutrient broth for 24 hours. Agar SS (MERCK®), Agar Eosin (MERCK®) and Agar Yersinia (ACUMEDIA®) were used to obtain pure strains, which were again isolated in a 24-hour nutrient broth. For their identification, the staining technique Gram and biochemical tests using agars such as: SIM (ACUMEDIA®), CITRATE (BD®), LIA (BD®), TSI (ACUMEDIA®), obtaining colonies of E. coli, Salmonella sp and Yersinia sp . In the execution of the antibiograms we used 3 different doses, D1 = 0.55; D2 = 0.60 and D3 = 0.65 milligrams of apitoxin per milliliter of distilled water and as a positive control 0.15 milligrams of tetracycline (antibiotic) per milliliter of distilled water, all doses were placed in sterile paper disks. Antibiotic inhibition halos were measured and the D2 and D3 doses were similar to the positive control T = 0.97mm. Measuring: for E. coli the T = 0.97mm, D2 = 0.91mm and D3 = 0.97mm, for Salmonella sp. T = 0.95mm, the D2 = 0.93mm and the D3 = 0.97mm and for Yersinia sp. T = 1.0mm, the D2 = 0.7mm and the D3 = 0.7mm. Cell growth was measured by: Neubauer chamber count, live cell count and finally the spectrophotometer turbidimetry method at 450nm and 630nm. Likewise in the cell count tests it was obtained that in 24 hours the doses D1, D2 and D3 inhibited the growth of the bacterial strains, obtained in the investigation over time. In the live cell count an inhibition of E. coli, Salmonella sp and Yersinia sp was obtained in the D3, and by means of spectrophotometry it was found that D3 obtained a high percentage of inhibition of cell growth for the three bacteria Isolated. As a result, all the dilutions of apitoxin obtained a similar function as tetracycline, but D2 and D3 were the ones that obtained higher rates of bacteriostatic action on the bacterial population compared to the antibiotic tetracycline as a positive control of all the bacteria obtained in this studio.