Análisis retrospectivo de perfil microbiológico y resistencia antimicrobiana en infección urinaria pediátrica de hospitales públicos de Quito-Ecuador

Objective: Determine the microbiological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility in urinary infection in children. Materials and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, and multicenter study. 445 urine cultures and the results of antibiograms were studied in three public hospitals in Quito (Ecuador). In relation to the causal agents, absolute frequencies and proportions were established. In the bivariate analysis, Chi-squared test (p < 0.05) and PR [CI 95 %; p < 0.05] were applied between history of kidney or urinary tract malformation and risk of infection. Results: There was evidence of resistance to aminopenicillins of 73.5 %; ampicillin plus sulbactam 31.8 %; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 55.5 %; first and second generation cephalosporins up to 33 %; resistance to third and fourth generation cephalosporins from 21.3 to 47%. In relation to urinary malformation and the isolate of a bacteria different from Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae PR 2,66 [CI 95 %, 1.9-3.6; p < 0.05] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR 2.07 [CI 95 %, 1.2-3.5; p < 0.05] were identified. Conclusions: In our locality it wouldn’t be appropriate to start antibiotic treatment with aminopenicillins, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or first to fourth generation cephalosporins in urinary tract infection due to their resistance. The presence of urinary malformation is associated with infection by bacteria other than Escherichia coli.