Phylogenetic relationships of the subgenus Hypodictyon (Anura: Strabomantidae: Pristimantis) with the description of three new species from the Chocó región

We describe 3 new species of frogs Pristimantis, subgenus Hypodictyon from the Chocó of Colombia and Ecuador. Additionally, we present an updated phylogeny of the subgenus Hypodictyon on which we report, for the first time, the phylogenetic position of P. calcaratus, P. colomai, P. illotus, P. kuri, P. rosadoi, P. tenebrionis, and P. variabilis. We review the species content of Hypodictyon and its 2 species groups. Pristimantis afrox sp. nov. is characterized by bearing an ×-shaped scapular fold; an interocular fold and a longitudinal tubercle in the interorbital region, toes with conspicuous lateral fringes on fingers II-V; distinctive coloration on groin and hidden surfaces of thighs red. Pristimantis chocoensis sp. nov. is characterized by having finger I equal or slightly shorter than II; venter and throat homogenously cream to slightly stained with brown, and black marks towards the insertion of the arm. Pristimantis cisnerosi sp. nov. exhibits strongly convex and flared nasal bones; protruding nostrils anteriorly; dorsal coloration dark brown and venter scarlet; bearing conical tubercles on the upper eyelid and reduced tympanum.