Abstract
Chemical elements, which are present in drinking water, could vary due to water sources, treatment processes or even the plumbing materials. Most of these elements do not represent a threat, while others, such as heavy metals, have been proven to cause harmful effects over human and aquatic wildlife. In this study, the quality of drinking water in three cities in Ecuador, Quito, Ibarra and Guayaquil was assessed through a multielement analysis and the heavy metal pollution index (HPI). A total of 102 drinking water samples and six natural water samples were collected and analyzed. Within the scope of analysis, results show that water quality complies with local and international guidelines. HPI did not show significant differences in the water that is supplied to the different neighborhoods of the three cities studied. However, actions should be taken to protect the sources of water, especially in Guayaquil, due to the presence of lead and chromium. For instance, lead was found in 2.8% of the samples in concentrations above World Health Organization (WHO) recommended values. Thus, we suggest to assessing the quality and age of the plumbing system within the whole country, in order to avoid drinking water contamination with heavy metals.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1050-1064 |
| Number of pages | 15 |
| Journal | Journal of Water and Health |
| Volume | 18 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1 Dec 2020 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2020 IWA Publishing.
Funding
This study was conducted as part of the Research Project O13025, sponsored by Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE). Financing was also provided by the Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) through the program POLI-grant 2017. Neither PUCE nor USFQ, as institutions, was involved in data collection and analysis, nor publication preparation, which is the sole responsibility of the authors. This study was conducted as part of the Research Project O13025, sponsored by Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE). Financing was also provided by the Uni-versidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) through the program POLI-grant 2017. Neither PUCE nor USFQ, as institutions, was involved in data collection and analysis, nor publication preparation, which is the sole responsibility of the authors.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Universidad San Francisco de Quito | |
| Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador |
Keywords
- Drinking water
- Ecuador
- HPI
- Multielement analysis
- Water quality
