Desempeño en funciones ejecutivas de adultos mayores: Relación con su autonomía y calidad de vida

Throughout the life cycle, the human being is able to consciously control his thoughts, emotions and behavior in a way that adjusts to the demands of the environment, which is lost with old age, affecting the independent and autonomous life of people, negatively impacting their quality of life. The purpose of this review is to determine the executive functions that are most impaired over the years. The narrative review method was used to collect articles that addressed the relationship between executive functions and quality of life in older adults without severe cognitive impairment. The results show that the executive functions that are most affected over the years are attention, working memory and verbal fluency, involved in the search and updating of information; cognitive flexibility, responsible for generating modifications in behavior, thinking and reasoning, fundamental in efficient cognitive functioning. In addition, a slowdown in reasoning, inhibitory deficit, transmission deficit and sensory-perceptive is reported. It is concluded that executive functions are sensitive to the aging process and progressively affect the autonomy and quality of life of older adults. It is considered relevant to generate a maintenance program for these cognitive functions, as a way to promote successful aging.